After the industrial revolution, waste management became an important and necessary function. Learn some of the main methods used in managing waste products today. Waste management is the control of materials that have become redundant and therefore need to be discarded. The process includes collection, transportation, sorting, recycling, clearance, and disposal of waste materials. Waste management…
The major components of an electric vehicle system are the motor, controller, power supply, charger and drive train (wry, 2003). Fig. 1 demonstrates a system model for an electric vehicle. Controller is the heart of an electric vehicle, and it is the key for the realization of a high-performance electric vehicle with an optimal balance…
In the future, automobile makers will be required to produce new technologies that reduce automotive emissions while still satisfying the ever increasing performance demand of drivers. Active safety control systems such as Anti-lock Brake System (ABS), Electronic Braking force Distribution (EBD), Traction Control System (TCS) and Electronic Stability Program (ESP) need to improve their existing…
The current energy scenery is dominated by fossil fuels, especially oil. This dependency is turning critical due to the reducing reserves, uncertain oil resources, and political and economical ramifications of a concentration of fossil fuel reserves in a limited number of regions. The transportation sector is especially affected by this situation and needs to develop…
Monitoring the actual state and tendencies of urban air quality and its forecasting plays an important role in the environmental and meteorological research of Hungary, since it is a key element of the urban life quality and health protection. After the change of the political system in 1990, with the modernization of the industry, road…
Traffic data collection is an essential issue for road-traffic control departments, which need real-time information for traffic-parameter estimation: road-traffic intensity, lane occupancy, congestion level, estimation of journey times, etc., as well as for early incident detection. This information can be used to improve road safety as well as to make an optimal use of the…
When considering short-term prediction systems that operate in real-time and in an “intelligent” technology-based environment, the effectiveness depends, mostly, on predicting traffic information in a timely manner (Smith & Oswald, 2003). This implies that regardless of the traffic conditions met in real-time, a prediction system should not only be able to generate accurate single step…
In this paper, different artificial neural network (ANN) models for predicting the hourly traffic flow in Second Tolled Bridge of Bosphorus in Turkey is performed. Second Bosphorus Bridge has an important role in urban traffic networks of Istanbul. The prediction of the traffic flow data is a vital requirement for advanced traffic management and traffic…
City busses are main vehicles for public transport to meet travel demand of the society. They operate where urban population is very dense and release such emissions as particulate matters (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxides (CO), and hydrocarbons (HC) where the population lives (Soylu et al., 2009, Gumrukcuoglu et al., 2008, Soylu, 2007, WHO, 2003)….
Maritime law, also called admiralty law, or admiralty, the body of legal rules that governs ships and shipping. In English-speaking countries, “admiralty” is sometimes used synonymously, but in a strict sense the term refers to the jurisdiction and procedural law of courts whose origins may be traced to the office of Admiral. Although etymologically maritime law and “law of the sea” are identical, the former…