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Site Exploration Program The knowledge about the site forms a vital role in the safe and economic development of a site. A thorough investigation of the site is an essential preliminary to the construction of any civil engineering works. Public building officials may require soil data together with the recommendations of the geotechnical consultant prior…

Needle Vibrator                                            Needle type concrete vibrator These concrete vibrators are also referred to as poker or immersion vibrator. These are extensively used in building industry. A needle vibrator consists of a cylindrical casing made of steel and is vibrated by means of a flexible drive with an outer tube run from an operating machine which…

Plastering Applying mortar coats on the surfaces of walls, columns, ceiling etc. to get smooth finish is termed as plastering. Mortar used for plastering may be lime mortar, cement mortar or lime-cement mortar. Lime mortar used shall have fat lime to sand ratio of 1 : 3 or 1 : 4. If hydraulic lime is used mix…

Requirements Of Good Stairs   A good stair should provide an easy, quick and safe mode of communication between the various floors of the building. General requirements of good stairs are as mentioned below. 1. LOCATION It should preferably be located centrally, ensuring sufficient light and ventilation. 2. WIDTH OF STAIR The width of stairs for public…

Compounds of cement                                   cement compounds About 90-95% of a Portland cement is comprised of the four main cement minerals, which are C3S, C2S, C3A, and C4AF, with the remainder consisting of calcium sulphate, alkali sulphates, unreacted (free) CaO, MgO, and other minor constituents left over from the clinkering and grinding steps. The four cement minerals play very different roles in…

1. Storing Of Bricks On Site STACKING AND STORING OF BRICKS AT SITE Stack the bricks close to the site of work so that less effort is required to unload and transport the bricks again by loading on pallets or in barrows. Different types of bricks (such as clay bricks, clay fly ash bricks etc.) shall…

Ramps are of great importance in any high-rise building. Ramps provide safe access to the building for heavy materials such as heavy machineries. In many countries the construction of a ramp in a building is made compulsory by law abiding bodies to provide safe and convenient access to people with disabilities as by the help…

Types of defects in plaster This post describes 7 different categories of defects most frequently noticed in plaster (as mentioned below) 1.      Non-structural cracks 2.      Structural cracks 3.      Debonding 4.      Lack of hardness 5.      Grinning 6.      Expansion 7.      Popping The causes and repair methods for each are discussed below. 1. NON-STRUCTURAL CRACKS                                                            Crazing Crazing is a network of fine cracks, usually in a hexagonal…