The main motto of this post is to uncover the significance of hydrogeology, and its applications. Let us start by defining what hydrogeology means before getting on to other details. What Is Hydrogeology? Hydrogeology is the field of geology that deals with movement and distribution of underground water in the rocks and soils of earth’s…
Calculation of critical slope and critical depth for open channel flow is needed for some applications. Read on for the equations, calculation procedures, and examples for a rectangular channel and for a trapezoidal channel. Introduction to Critical, Subcritical and Supercritcal Flow Any case of open channel flow must fit into one of the three categories: i) subcritical flow,…
Modeling of groundwater flow is important for a variety of applications, such as groundwater flow from an aquifer through wells for water supply or irrigation, and remediation of groundwater contamination. A primary tool for groundwater modeling is Darcy’s Law, the subject of this article. Introduction Darcy’s Law is an empirical relationship for liquid flow through a porous medium….
The widespread applications of fluid mechanics and hydraulics in civil engineering include transportation of fluids in pipes and in open channels, as well as flow measurement for both pipes and open channels. These areas of application use a variety of calculations for design and for analysis. Pipe Flow Calculations Liquids and gases are transported through…
Circular pipe culverts are widely used in building projects. Do you know the equations that relate pipe culvert parameters under the condition of inlet control, or outlet control? Learn the equations in this article. Editor’s Note: Harlan Bengtson is retired after a 30 year career as a university professor (engineering science and environmental engineering) and administrator. He is…
Hydrology (the study of water) includes study of the return period estimation of rainfall of given magnitude, i.e. the 100 year storm or the 100 year flood. The effect of a 100 year flood on river levels and on residents of a flood plain are issues that lead to interest in this topic. What is…
Agricultural hydrogels are synthetic polymers generally made from petroleum products. They absorb many times their weight in water, and can be distributed into dry regions in order to improve the soil’s ability to absorb water. Learn how they’re made and how they can be used. Agricultural hydrogels can change the physical properties of soils by…
Hydropower plants are a form of renewable energy. They operate using stored water in a dam; the water falls by gravity through penstocks to water turbines located below the dam. There are various types of water turbines used to drive power generators, producing electricity for the National Grid. Water power has been used for centuries…
There have been numerous government enquiries and subsequent reports over the last century into the construction of a tidal barrage across the River Severn Estuary linking England to Wales. None have come to fruition due to economic and environmental concerns and, the sheer magnitude of the project There have been many proposals and government white…