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Cast iron, an alloy of iron that contains 2 to 4 percent carbon, along with varying amounts of silicon and manganese and traces of impurities such as sulfur and phosphorus. It is made by reducing iron ore in a blast furnace. The liquid iron is cast, or poured and hardened, into crude ingots called pigs, and the pigs are subsequently remelted along with scrap and alloying…

Energy conversion, the transformation of energy from forms provided by nature to forms that can be used by humans. Over the centuries a wide array of devices and systems has been developed for this purpose. Some of these energy converters are quite simple. The early windmills, for example, transformed the kinetic energy of wind into mechanical energy for pumping water and grinding grain. Other…

Materials engineering is an important discipline of engineering that has assisted other technologies to improve the variety of products being produced globally. This science has improved the characteristics of existing materials and has also contributed to produce materials with improved properties. History of Materials Engineering The science of materials engineering has been used since the…

All the construction activities, no matter what type they are, are carried out under the guidance and the leadership of the civil engineering consultant. The consultants can be considered to the sort of project leaders whose advice has to be obtained for almost all construction related works. Civil Engineering Jobs: Consulting Engineer All the construction…

Gone are the days of the manual designing and drawing for the computer aided designing or CAD is the norm in the industry. Computer aided design (CAD) is one of the hottest fields in engineering fields like civil, architecture, mechanical, electrical and also in interior designing. Career as CAD Professional                                                 Computer aided design (CAD) is…

Preliminary use of water chlorination took place in the mid to late 1800’s. The history of water chlorination for regular disinfection of public water supplies, however, began in the U.S. early in the 20th century and led to a dramatic drop in the incidence of the major waterborne diseases. Impact of Water Chlorination The use…

It is not an easy task to find the best websites and forums for civil engineers on the internet. If you are looking for civil engineering forums and websites to get easily what you are looking for, then here are some top websites to begin your search. There are lots of civil engineering forums and…

Municipal engineering ensures the development of regions in the social sector, and the people living in the society are seriously concerned with this subject. With an increased awareness, people desire to improve their quality of life, and municipal engineering is one of the contributing factors. What is Municipal Engineering? A municipality is a local organizational…

In the field of construction, beam load calculations can become truly critical and require special attention as well as accurate implementation of the results. A simple yet effective way of calculating beam loads is discussed here through derived formulas and expressions. Just a look around will relate to us the simple, yet interesting fact that…