Measurement of distances using chain or tape is termed as chaining. This is the accurate…

All the distances required for making a plan are the horizontal distances. Hence in the…

In 1960 System International (SI units) unit was approved by the conference of weights and…

It is not possible and also not desirable to make maps to one to one…

As stated in the definition of surveying the objective of measurements is to show relative…

To get accurate results in surveying one should follow the following fundamental principles: (i) Work…

The earth is an oblate spheroid, length of equatorial axis being 12756.75 km and polar…

As stated in the definition, object of surveying is to show relative positions of various…

Surveying is the art of making measurements of objects on, above or beneath the ground…

Although there are many EDM instruments available, there are basically only two methods of measurement…