Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) represents a contemporary and systematic approach to solid waste management. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines ISWM as a complete waste reduction, collection, composting, recycling, and disposal system. An efficient ISWM system considers how to reduce, reuse, recycle, and manage waste to protect human health and the natural environment. It…
Population growth, rural and urban development, lifestyle changes and the consequent change in household consumption patterns have created problems in modern societies. The change of household consumption pattern has changed the waste volume and the waste characteristics or composition. Factors that influence the quantity of municipal wastes generated include: Geographic location Season of the year…
Due to improper waste disposal systems particularly by municipal waste management teams, wastes heap up and become a problem. People clean their homes and places of work and litter their surroundings which affects the environment and the community. This type of dumping of waste materials forces biodegradable materials to rot and decompose under improper, unhygienic and uncontrolled…
There are different methods of solid waste management. The following are some of the recognized methods: Sanitary Landfill This is the most popular solid waste disposal method used today. Garbage is basically spread out in thin layers, compressed and covered with soil or plastic foam. Modern landfills are designed in such a way that the…
Solid waste management is a term that is used to refer to the process of collecting and treating solid wastes. It also offers solutions for recycling items that do not belong to garbage or trash. As long as people have been living in settlements and residential areas, garbage or solid waste has been an issue. Waste management is…
There are several types of waste incineration plants. The most common type is municipal solid waste (MSW) with the heat providing energy from waste. This is becoming more necessary in many countries throughout the world as we all run out of land-fill sites for our household rubbish. Incineration of waste is not a new process,…
After the industrial revolution, waste management became an important and necessary function. Learn some of the main methods used in managing waste products today. Waste management is the control of materials that have become redundant and therefore need to be discarded. The process includes collection, transportation, sorting, recycling, clearance, and disposal of waste materials. Waste management…
The major components of an electric vehicle system are the motor, controller, power supply, charger and drive train (wry, 2003). Fig. 1 demonstrates a system model for an electric vehicle. Controller is the heart of an electric vehicle, and it is the key for the realization of a high-performance electric vehicle with an optimal balance…
In the future, automobile makers will be required to produce new technologies that reduce automotive emissions while still satisfying the ever increasing performance demand of drivers. Active safety control systems such as Anti-lock Brake System (ABS), Electronic Braking force Distribution (EBD), Traction Control System (TCS) and Electronic Stability Program (ESP) need to improve their existing…
The current energy scenery is dominated by fossil fuels, especially oil. This dependency is turning critical due to the reducing reserves, uncertain oil resources, and political and economical ramifications of a concentration of fossil fuel reserves in a limited number of regions. The transportation sector is especially affected by this situation and needs to develop…