The following two types of scales are used in surveying: (i) Plain Scale (ii) Diagonal Scale. Plain Scale On a plain scale it is possible to read two dimensions directly such as unit and tenths. This scale is not drawn like ordinary foot rule (30 cm scale). If a scale of 1 : 40 is to be…
Can you believe that you can measure the height of a tall tower or a building with the help of a friend and his/her height? Read this to learn how to measure the height of a tall tower using a clinometer, a friend, and simple physics formulas. Technique 4: In this method, the same clinometer…
National Highways has tabled three design options to improve the M1/M62 Lofthouse junction near Leeds. The three options have been put out to public consultation, with the public urged to provided feedback on the proposals. Approximately 75,000 vehicles move through the junction every day, leading to significant queues at peak times and disrupting the journeys of thousands…
The Mackinaw Bridge, the Millau Viaduct, the Beipanjiang River Railroad Bridge. Ever wonder how these bridges were assembled to cover such amazing and difficult spans? While there is no single construction method employed, there are several fundamental techniques typically used. Making The Connection Bridges of all types are vital links in infrastructure development. Beam, arch, suspension, truss, cable stayed,…
The first ever 3D-printed steel bridge has opened in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. It was created by robotic arms using welding torches to deposit the structure of the bridge layer by layer, and is made of 4500 kilograms of stainless steel. The 12-metre-long MX3D Bridge was built by four commercially available industrial robots and took six…
A number of civil engineers starts their career as construction supervisor. This is one of the toughest and most important jobs for the civil engineers on their path of achieving higher goals. Careers in Civil Engineering: Construction Supervisor One of the most common jobs of the civil engineers is the construction supervisor. This is also…
We can all agree that loss of life or injuries are always at the forefront of our minds when we think about risk management. But the safety of structures themselves is an important risk that requires our attention. The failure of structures also contributes towards considerable commercial cost, loss of confidence, higher PI premiums and…
Properties Of Hardened Concrete Flexural Strength Test Arrangement The following are the properties of concrete in its hardened state, used by the designer during design process of reinforced concrete structure. 1. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH The characteristics strength is defined as the strength of concrete below which not more than 5% of the test results are expected to…
Reinforced concrete is widely used for construction on a large scale due to its desirable mechanical properties. Types of steel and non-steel concrete reinforcement are described. Corrosion has an adverse effect on the embedded steel if structures are not properly designed and constructed. What is Reinforced Concrete? Reinforced concrete, or RCC, is concrete that contains…
Portland Pozzolana Cement 1. POZZOLANA Pozzolana is a volcanic powder found in Italy near Vesuvius A pozzolanic material is essentially a siliceous or aluminous material which possess no cementitious properties. But it has the property when it combined with lime to produce a stable pozzolana compound it has definite cementitious properties. In the presence of water…