Multi-beam bridges are a very common form of construction for roads and other bridges that are required to span across distances less than one hundred meters. The beams are connected by an horizontal element that allows transport of men, materials, and vehicles. Bridges Require Beams to Span the Gaps between Piers Bridges are essentially meant to cross…
Principle of planning involves planning for meeting the following requirements also: 1. Sanitary convenience 2. Prospects 3. Elegance 4. Flexibility 5. Privacy 6. Resistance to fire 7. Sound insulation 8. Protection from termite 9. Security against burglary 10. Economy 11. Provisions for future alterations. 1. Sanitary Convenience: Sanitary conveniences include provision of bathrooms, lavatories,urinals etc. Provision of these…
2.1 Design Aspects: The volume changes stresses in CRCP will be taken care by providing sufficient reinforcement to keep the cracks tightly closed while maintaining adequate pavement thickness to counteract the stresses produced by wheel loads. CRCP allows the concrete to develop very fine transverse cracks that seem to be uncontrolled and random. The spacings of transverse…
Disadvantage of chain surveying is that, in it only distances are measured and hence area is to be covered with a network of triangles. If the length as well as angle of a line can be measured with respect to a known direction then it is possible to plot a line, independent of length of…
Scaffolds and ladders 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS 1. Where work cannot safely be done on or from the ground or from part of a building or other permanent structure, a safe and suitable scaffold should be provided and maintained or other equally safe and suitable provision should be made. 2. Scaffolds should be provided with safe means of access,…
The Mackinaw Bridge, the Millau Viaduct, the Beipanjiang River Railroad Bridge. Ever wonder how these bridges were assembled to cover such amazing and difficult spans? While there is no single construction method employed, there are several fundamental techniques typically used. Making The Connection Bridges of all types are vital links in infrastructure development. Beam, arch, suspension, truss, cable stayed,…
The structural health of bridges need constant monitoring to prevent collapses that can be sudden and disastrous. Distances and the number of such bridges require a lot of time, money, and labor for any such monitoring to be feasible. Wireless bridge monitoring solves these problems fairly easily. Bridges form an essential part of any road or rail…
A continuing series of articles on fundamental structural engineering analyses. Stress Isn’t Always Normal The last article discussed tensile and compressive stresses as useful structural engineering calculations. These are examples of axial, or normal, stresses developed perpendicular to the surface plane or area of interest. The shear stress experienced in a structural member or assembly…
Bridge construction has been improved tremendously with the advancement in science and technology. Better and lighter materials are now available that can endure greater loads. The construction is now much faster due to the introduction of a variety of heavy construction equipment. Bridge Construction Planning Bridge construction tends to involve huge projects that encompass the…
In Engineering Profession, it is very essential that the Engineers and Craftsmen are able to communicate their ideas and facts with each other clearly and without ambiguity. The verbal communication may be hopelessly inadequate. The written communication, on the other hand may be very inefficient, lengthy and boring to create accurate mental and physical impression…