Introduction to construction equipment’s Types of earth moving equipment Classified into following types · Production equipment · Equipment used for digging and moving · Service equipment · Dozers and motor girders Tractors Tractors are machine which change the engine energy into tractive energy These are primarily used for pull or push the loads They are also used for different…
Devastating. The single word that describes the material, financial, and emotional damage caused by fires in structures. We rely on buildings to provide safety and protection, but how can buildings themselves be protected from the ravages of incineration? Reasonable Resistance While it is difficult and costly to construct a completely fireproof structure, it is reasonable…
In the present world, Infrastructural projects are booming at a very fast pace. For the speedy and safer execution of such projects like construction of roads and highways, vertical civil structures, there is a huge demand of geosynthetics. To counter these issues a number of ground improvement techniques and material are in practice. Geosynthetics have…
In Flemish bond, each course consists of alternate headers and stretchers. The alternate headers of each course are centered over the stretchers in the course below. Every alternate course starts with a header at the corner. For the breaking of vertical joints in the successive courses, closers are inserted in alternate courses next to the quoin…
Raw earth has been used in the construction buildings since ancient times. Many great earthen buildings throughout the world have stood the test of time, depicting the great benefits of using earth in the construction and architectural process. Introduction In the field of architecture, earth is a material that plays a vital part and is…
Determine splitting tensile strength of cylindrical concrete specimens OBJECTIVE: This method covers the determination of the splitting tensile strength of cylindrical concrete specimens Theory: Age at Test – Tests shall be made at recognized ages of the test specimens, the most usual being 7 and 28 days. Where it may be necessary to obtain the early strengths,…
Steel-concrete composite bridges had a strong growth in railways and highways since the construction system provides an efficient and cost-effective form. The combination of steel and concrete in a single composite structural element enhances the individual advantages of both materials. By utilizing the tensile strength of steel in the main girder and the compressive strength…
Influence lines, which describe variation of any function Z (reaction, bending moment, shear, etc.) in the fixed section due to moving concentrated unit load P D 1 may be effectively used for calculation of this function Z due to arbitrary fixed and moving loads. Fixed Loads Three types of fixed loads will be considered: concentrated…
The following are the different types of direct levelling: (i) Simple levelling (ii) Differential levelling (iii) Fly levelling (iv) Profile levelling (v) Cross sectioning (vi) Reciprocal levelling. Simple Levelling It is the method used for finding difference between the levels of two nearby points. Differential Levelling If the distance between two points A and B is large,…
Composite masonry is the one that is constructed out of two or more types of building units or of different types of building materials. Composite Masonry: When walls are constructed with two or more types of building materials it is term as composite masonry. It makes the used of locally available materials to obtain optimum economy. The composite masonry…