The first ever 3D-printed steel bridge has opened in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. It was created by robotic arms using welding torches to deposit the structure of the bridge layer by layer, and is made of 4500 kilograms of stainless steel. The 12-metre-long MX3D Bridge was built by four commercially available industrial robots and took six…
Concrete is good in resisting compression but is very weak in resisting tension. Hence reinforcement is provided in the concrete wherever tensile stress is expected. The best reinforcement is steel, since tensile strength of steel is quite high and the bond between steel and concrete is good. As the elastic modulus of steel is high,…
In a situation where only one car is travelling along a stretch of highway, densities (in vehicles per kilometre) will by definition be near to zero and the speed at which the car can be driven is determined solely by the geometric design and layout of the road; such a speed is termed free-flow speed…
Military technology, range of weapons, equipment, structures, and vehicles used specifically for the purpose of warfare. It includes the knowledge required to construct such technology, to employ it in combat, and to repair and replenish it. Red ArmyCold War-era poster of Soviet army equipment. The technology of war may be divided into five categories. Offensive arms harm…
Bearing wall, orload-bearing wall, Wall that carries the load of floors and roof above in addition to its own weight. The traditional masonry bearing wall is thickened in proportion to the forces it has to resist: its own weight, the dead load of floors and roof, the live load of people, as well as the lateral forces of arches, vaults, and wind. Such…
Materials engineering is an important discipline of engineering that has assisted other technologies to improve the variety of products being produced globally. This science has improved the characteristics of existing materials and has also contributed to produce materials with improved properties. History of Materials Engineering The science of materials engineering has been used since the…
Structural engineering has been applied since mankind commenced building of structures. Structures are designed, with the aim to accomplish the desired functions of creation, ensuring the visualization of all the loads that could be applied on the structures, and adequate safety of structures. What Is Structural Engineering Structural engineering is a specialty of civil engineering…
In decision-making processes for urban planning and design, evaluation can be considered a relevant tool to build choices, to recognize values, interests and needs, and to explore the different aspects that can influence decisions. Evaluation can be considered a process to integrate approaches, methods and models, able to support the different needs of the decision-making process itself. According to…
Geotechnical engineering is a branch within civil engineering which deals with earth materials and their impact on various projects. The main focus of this field is the examination of the various soil and rock strata on a site, the determination of their key engineering properties, and the evaluation of what impacts the subsurface conditions may…
Energy efficiency is coming to the forefront in the architecture, as, apart from the significance of a reduced environmental impact and increased comfort for users, the current energy crisis and economic recession has bumped up the importance of the financial cost of energy. Since the Kyoto Protocol was signed in 1997, governments all over the…