Hydrology (the study of water) includes study of the return period estimation of rainfall of given magnitude, i.e. the 100 year storm or the 100 year flood. The effect of a 100 year flood on river levels and on residents of a flood plain are issues that lead to interest in this topic. What is…
· It is a surveying method used to determine the level of points/objects with reference to the selected datum. · It is also used to set out engineering works. Uses of Levelling: · To determine the difference in levels of points/Objects · To obtain contour map of an area · To obtain cross section of roads, canals etc., · To determine…
Clay lumps are collected and are wetted with water and allowed to mature for 1 or 2 days. It is kneeded well until it attains required consistancy. Sometimes fibrous materials like gobber is added in the mix. It prevents cracks in the plaster. If plaster is to be used for outer walls, it is sprayed or painted with Bitumen. It…
Failure of construction is an important subject for an owner or a builder, since it involves human life and money. Structural failure may be prevented by incorporation of a proper design and use of quality materials. Workmanship is also an important factor to ensure a proper structural construction. Why Construction Fails Since humans first started…
To take a reading from a compass, the following temporary adjustments are required: (i) Centring: The compass should be fixed to the stand and set over the station. To centre the compass legs of the tripod stand should be moved inward-outward or in a circumferential direction. To check centring plumb may be used or a pebble…
Problem For the siphon shown, determine the discharge and pressure heads at A and B given that the pipe diameter is 200 mm and the nozzle diameter is 150 mm. You may neglect friction in the pipe. Solution To find the discharge (or flow) apply Bernoulli’s Equation along the streamline connecting points 1 and 2….
Bridge Decks The principal function of a bridge deck is to provide support to local vertical loads (from highway traffic, railway or pedestrians) and transmit these loads to the primary superstructure of the bridge, Figure 1(1). As a result of its function, the deck will be continuous along the bridge span and (apart from some…
Way up in Northern New York, the St. Lawrence River splits the state’s North Country region and Canada, historically acting as an incredibly important resource for navigation, trade, and recreation. Along the St. Lawrence River is the St. Lawrence Seaway, a system of locks, canals, and channels in both Canada and the U.S. that allows oceangoing vessels…
We can all agree that loss of life or injuries are always at the forefront of our minds when we think about risk management. But the safety of structures themselves is an important risk that requires our attention. The failure of structures also contributes towards considerable commercial cost, loss of confidence, higher PI premiums and…
The word Kanban may not be part of your daily vocabulary when it comes to scheduling. But after learning about the advantages of the Kanban system and its role in just in time (JIT) manufacturing, Kanban may become a household word for you. The Visual Signals of the Kanban System The Kanban System is an…