Floods, rains, and other natural calamities are beyond human control. Despite advancements in technology, excessive water, and the complications it brings, always hurts social life in flood hit areas. In 2011, the Mississippi River flooded the heartland of America. It was recorded as one of the most devastating floods in the history of America. If…
Excavators are vehicles that are used on construction sites to move material. Excavators: Also Known as Diggers and Backhoes An excavator uses hydraulics or a wire rope pulley system to dig holes or trenches and is, therefore, often called a digger. Excavators are also called bobcats and backhoes. An excavator has a long boom arm…
The house is not only a roof, but also a home, the place where it is formed the moral climate and on which lasts the family spirit. UN has classified habitat settlements and identified 10 general functions that every habitat should have. (Recreations and interpretation, Preparing the foods, Eating, Relaxing and Sleeping, Study ,WC, Hygienic…
Raw earth has been used in the construction buildings since ancient times. Many great earthen buildings throughout the world have stood the test of time, depicting the great benefits of using earth in the construction and architectural process. Introduction In the field of architecture, earth is a material that plays a vital part and is…
General The Janbu approach, proposed by Nilmar Janbu in the early 1960s (Janbu 1963; 1965; 1967), and referenced by the Canadian Foundation Engineering Manual, CFEM (1985, 1992), combines the basic principles of linear and non-linear stress-strain behavior. The method applies to all soils, clays as well as sand. By the Janbu method, the relation between…
Various bases are considered for the classification of timbers. The following are the important basis: (i) Mode of growth (ii) Modulus of elasticity (iii) Durability (iv) Grading (v) Availability. (i) Classification Based on Mode of Growth: On the basis of mode of growth trees are classified as (a) Exogeneous and (b) Endogeneous (a) Exogeneous Trees: These trees grow outward by…
Masonry Masonry, the art and craft of building and fabricating in stone, clay, brick, or concrete block. Construction of poured concrete, reinforced or unreinforced, is often also considered masonry. masonry The art of masonry originated when early man sought to supplement his valuable but rare natural caves with artificial caves made from piles of stone. Circular stone huts, partially…
Robotic technology provides the construction industry with numerous advantages. With the goal of automating processes and increasing productivity, robotics are being used to get work done quicker, cheaper and with more precise detail. This article outlines certain areas of construction that are being impacted by robotic technology, discussing its current impact on the industry, as…
This is the first in a series of articles reviewing specific structural engineering basics and design processes. In this introductory article, simple structural engineering elements are classified to form the basis of more complex structures. Basic Elements of Structural Construction Never Push On a Rope Creating a safe, durable, cost effective structural engineering design is…
Truss bridges are amongst a variety of bridge designs that are being used for road traffic. The basic shape of a truss bridge is like a right triangle, with the hypotenuse extending to the abutments. There are two similar trusses at each of the road sides. Basics of Truss Bridges Truss is a formation produced…