Metal roofing materials are being used extensively due to their durability, ease of installation, and other favorable characteristics. If the metal roofing materials are correctly selected, installed, and properly maintained, they will have an extended life. Metal Roofing Materials A huge variety of metal roofing materials with different characteristics of weight, color, durability, and cost is currently on…
The term ferro-cement implies the combination of ferrous product with cement. Generally this combination is in the form of steel wires meshes embedded in a portland cement mortar. Wire mesh is usually of 0.8 to 1.00 m diameter steel wires at 5 mm to 50 mm spacing and the cement mortar is of cement sand ratio of 1:2…
Devastating. The single word that describes the material, financial, and emotional damage caused by fires in structures. We rely on buildings to provide safety and protection, but how can buildings themselves be protected from the ravages of incineration? Reasonable Resistance While it is difficult and costly to construct a completely fireproof structure, it is reasonable…
A point is simply a space location of infinitesimal size. It may represent the corner of an object, the intersection of two lines or a designated spot in space. The projection obtained on vertical plane VP is called the elevation and on horizontal plane HP, the plan. The intersection line of the vertical plane and…
The Romans had realized that a coordinated system of roadways connecting the major areas of their empire would be of prime significance for both commercial and military purposes. In the modern era, the nations of Europe first introduced the concept of highway systems. In France, for example, the State Department of Roads and Bridges was organized…
Commonly seen as a load bearing header over windows and doors, the deceptively simple post and lintel system can require non-trivial design analysis. While span limited due mainly to strength limitations in the lintel materials, this trabeated system has many other applications. The Simplest Form In the simplest form, post and lintel structures consist of two vertical…
Materials engineering is an important discipline of engineering that has assisted other technologies to improve the variety of products being produced globally. This science has improved the characteristics of existing materials and has also contributed to produce materials with improved properties. History of Materials Engineering The science of materials engineering has been used since the…
The following are the some of commonly used stones: (i) Basalt and trap (ii) Granite (iii) Sandstone (iv) Slate (v) Laterite (vi) Marble (vii) Gneiss (viii) Quartzite. Their qualities and uses are explained below: (i) Basalt and Trap: The structure is medium to fine grained and compact. Their colour varies from dark gray to black. Fractures and joints are common….
This chapter is devoted to the analysis of statically determinate multispan beams and trusses, subjected to moving loads. Methods for the generation of beam and trusses, and the construction of influence lines are discussed. Different types of trusses are considered; among them are trusses with subdivided panels and some special types of trusses. Multispan Statically…
Indroduction Highway is the lifeline of the national economy, is the image of regional development, defense and stable basis, and only pavement keep long-term smooth condition, in order to ensure that the vehicle quickly and safely on the roads. According to the survey: noise has a negative impact on the human psychology and the body…