Suitability Of Water For Concrete Mixing OBJECTIVE To assess suitability of water for use in concrete mix. EQUIPMENT § Measuring cylinder § Cube moulds § Trowel § Tamping rod § Vibrating table § Testing machine PROCEDURE 1. Analyse water for its chemical compositions as per IS 3025-1964 and compare these with permissible limits given in IS: 456-2000. 2. In case water does not satisfy the permissible limits or…
With space agencies like NASA and private companies like SpaceX planning manned missions to Mars, the idea of Martian cities is becoming more than just science fiction. But how realistic is it to build permanent human settlements on the Red Planet? Let’s explore the challenges and potential solutions for extraterrestrial construction! 🌍➡️🪐 1. Why Build…
Soil classification gives generalized information about the behavior and nature of soil belonging to a particular region or location. It also gives scientists, engineers, and agriculturists information about the kind of soil they are going to be dealing with. There are many classification systems in place today that classify soils into different categories. Different countries have different classification parameters…
Cement is a commonly used binding material in the construction. The cement is obtained by burning a mixture of calcareous (calcium) and argillaceous (clay) material at a very high temperature and then grinding the clinker so produced to a fine powder. It was first produced by a mason Joseph Aspdin in England in 1924. He patented it…
Any economic evaluation for a highway project must be viewed alongside its environmental and social consequences. This area of evaluation takes place within the environmental impact assessment (EIA) for the proposal. Within the US, EIA was brought into federal law under the National Environmental Policy Act 1969 which required an environmental assessment to be carried…
Types of defects in plaster This post describes 7 different categories of defects most frequently noticed in plaster (as mentioned below) 1. Non-structural cracks 2. Structural cracks 3. Debonding 4. Lack of hardness 5. Grinning 6. Expansion 7. Popping The causes and repair methods for each are discussed below. 1. NON-STRUCTURAL CRACKS Crazing Crazing is a network of fine cracks, usually in a hexagonal…
Basic principles of traffic demand analysis If transport planners wish to modify a highway network either by constructing a new roadway or by instituting a programme of traffic management improvements, any justification for their proposal will require them to be able to formulate some forecast of future traffic volumes along the critical links. Particularly in…
Aquifer Aquifer, in hydrology, rock layer that contains water and releases it in appreciable amounts. The rock contains water-filled pore spaces, and, when the spaces are connected, the water is able to flow through the matrix of the rock. An aquifer also may be called a water-bearing stratum, lens, or zone. Wells can be drilled into many aquifers, and they are one of the most…
Imagine the challenges of building a tunnel in an urban setting – for example, to construct a metro system in a big city such as London, New York, or Montreal. Civil engineers design, develop and build different types of structures. The increasing need for rapid and effective ways to move people and goods has led…
Modern Architecture, also known as neo-traditional architecture, evolved during the World War I era. All the modern buildings that we see around today have evolved and been inspired from modern architecture. Find out here what “modern architecture” exactly means. Introduction Modern architecture is a style of architecture that first evolved in the Western countries during…