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Modifications to the Basic Equations
Flow Measurement – Small Orifices Consider the following tank discharge through a small opening below…
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The Momentum Equation
Development We consider again a general stream tube: Application – Fluid Striking a Flat Surface…
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Energy Equation – Example
Problem For the siphon shown, determine the discharge and pressure heads at A and B…
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The Energy Equation
Development We apply the Law of Conservation of Energy to a control volume. To do…
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Mass Conservation – Example
Problem Water flows from point A to points D and E as shown. Some of…
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The Continuity Equation
Development Applying the Law of Conservation of Mass to a control volume, we see: Consider…
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Hydrodynamics: Basics
Introduction Hydrostatics involves only a few variables: ρ , g, and h, and so the…
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Curved Surfaces – Example
Problem Determine the resultant force and its direction on the gate shown: Solution The horizontal…
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Curved Surfaces
For curved surfaces the fluid pressure on the infinitesimal areas are not parallel and so…
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Fluid Action on Surfaces
Plane Surfaces If the plane area is symmetrical about the vertical axis OG, then 0…