Suitability Of Water For Concrete Mixing OBJECTIVE To assess suitability of water for use in concrete mix. EQUIPMENT § Measuring cylinder § Cube moulds § Trowel § Tamping rod § Vibrating table § Testing machine PROCEDURE 1. Analyse water for its chemical compositions as per IS 3025-1964 and compare these with permissible limits given in IS: 456-2000. 2. In case water does not satisfy the permissible limits or…
From a scientific perspective, geotechnical engineering largely involves defining the soil’s strength and deformation properties. Clay, silt, sand, rock and snow are important materials in geotechnics. Geotechnical engineering includes specialist fields such as soil and rock mechanics, geophysics, hydrogeology and associated disciplines such as geology. Geotechnical engineering and engineering geology are a branch of civil…
The following instruments are required for measurements with chain and tape: (i) Arrows (ii) Pegs (iii) Ranging rods and ranging poles (iv) Offset rods (v) Laths (vi) Whites (vii) Plumb bobs and (viii) Line ranger. Arrows When the length of the line to be measured is more than a chain length, there is need to mark…
Structural analysis is an important subject of civil engineering that evaluates the different loads on structures, and their effects. It is an accurate method to ascertain the capability of the structures to withstand the expected loads, and assist in designing the structures accordingly. What Is Structural Analysis Structural analysis is a comprehensive assessment to ensure…
Completed in 2007, the Wembley Stadium in London was not only built to welcome 1.5 million football and rugby fans each year, but it is also the UK’s leading venue for music concerts. The landmark feature that will inspire all of these visitors is the arch that sits above the north stand. Wembley Stadium is…
When a body moves or tends to move over another body, a force opposing the motion develops at the contact surfaces. The force which opposes the movement or the tendency of movement is called the frictional force or simply friction. So far, in earlier chapters, we had ignored this force and considered contacting surfaces are…
Owners and builders should be seriously concerned about the concrete curing process because it can significantly influence concrete characteristics. This article describes the concrete curing process and the methods used in the curing process. Concrete Curing Process Curing concrete is the process that prevents the recently poured concrete from drying too rapidly. This is to…
Latitude and longitude are used to define the absolute location of any place. This requires an accepted system of coordinates to be in place, and these are used to pinpoint the location of a place on the surface of the earth. A coordinate system in geography is one that designates every location on earth with…
Suitability Of Water For Concrete Mixing OBJECTIVE To assess suitability of water for use in concrete mix. EQUIPMENT § Measuring cylinder § Cube moulds § Trowel § Tamping rod § Vibrating table § Testing machine PROCEDURE 1. Analyse water for its chemical compositions as per IS 3025-1964 and compare these with permissible limits given in IS: 456-2000. 2. In case water does not satisfy the permissible limits or…
Introduction Design of foundations presupposes that the soil conditions (profile and parameters) at the site have been established by a geotechnical site investigation. Site investigations employ soil sampling and in-situ sounding methods. Most methods consist of intermittent sampling, e.g., the standard penetration test with split-spoon sampling and probing for density—the N-index. Other intermittent methods are…