The formwork sector is being influenced by the requirements of improved workplace safety and crane-independent systems that are fast and reliable. Working at heights has become less hazardous. Due to these reasons, concrete formwork is becoming popular. What are Formwork Systems? A formwork system signifies the molds used to store and hold wet concrete until curing is…
This article will discuss different types of concrete cracks. After finishing the article, you will know how to repair concrete cracks. Some Common Reasons for Concrete Cracks 1. Uneven evaporation of moistures: The uneven evaporation of moisture from concrete causes various types of cracks. If the water evaporated from the surface of the freshly placed concrete faster…
SCOPE OF ENVIRONMENT: The environment consists of four segments of the earth namely atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere: 1. Atmosphere: The Atmosphere forms a distinctive protective layer about 100 km thick around the earth. A blanket of gases called the atmosphere surrounds the earth and protects the surface of earth from the Sun’s harmful, ultraviolet…
Imagine the challenges of building a tunnel in an urban setting – for example, to construct a metro system in a big city such as London, New York, or Montreal. Civil engineers design, develop and build different types of structures. The increasing need for rapid and effective ways to move people and goods has led…
Membrane filtration is considered very efficient and is often used in addition to slow sand filtration and other methods to ensure the quality of drinking water. A filter is a porous barrier that allows water to pass through it. The efficiency of a filter depends on the size of the pores, which in turn is…
Urbanization has rapidly increased the pressure on cities to meet the transportation needs of their residents. Traffic congestion is a growing challenge for urban areas, causing delays, economic losses, environmental damage, and frustration among commuters. Addressing this issue requires a combination of innovative solutions, policy measures, and infrastructure development. This article explores the most effective…
Road Construction Methods have changed a lot since the first roads were built in about 4000 BC. Read on to learn more about road construction methods and procedures. In ancient times, river transport was much faster and easier than road transport. The Romans were one of the first to build stone paved roads in North…
Indian roads congress(IRC) has specified the design procedures for flexible pavements based on CBR values. The Pavement designs given in the previous edition IRC:37-1984 were applicable to design traffic upto only 30 million standard axles (msa). The earlier code is empirical in nature which has limitations regarding applicability and extrapolation. This guidelines follows analytical designs…
Besides the difference in grain size, the chemical composition of soil can also be helpful in distinguishing between various types of soils. Sand and gravel usually consist of the same minerals as the original rock from which they were created by the erosion process. This can be quartz, feldspar or glimmer. In Western Europe sand…
Military technology, range of weapons, equipment, structures, and vehicles used specifically for the purpose of warfare. It includes the knowledge required to construct such technology, to employ it in combat, and to repair and replenish it. Red ArmyCold War-era poster of Soviet army equipment. The technology of war may be divided into five categories. Offensive arms harm…