Located in Queens, New York on the northern shore of Jamaica Bay, Spring Creek South contains approximately 237 acres of undeveloped land, including wetlands and 2.4 miles of coastline. The site is bounded by the Howard Beach residential neighborhood in Queens, a commercial area along Cross Bay Boulevard, the Belt Parkway, and Jamaica Bay. The northwest section…
Each of us has at least one hilarious-yet-costly story about hitting an underground utility. The one I can contribute is from 1990 and lacks drama, so I mostly tell other people’s stories. Popping the water main in freezing Gillette, Wyoming on the Wednesday before Thanksgiving is a popular one. So is that one time the…
An analysis of the values of architecture and modern life, and some of the revolutionary changes beginning to take hold – the role of the building in modern life is rapidly changing as designers look to using buildings to create a synergy-effect to maximize productivity and well-being. The relationship between humans and buildings has long…
The parkway The achievement of such a system in the automobile age required a new form of road. This grew from the parkway, which had many historical precedents but was introduced in its modern form in 1858 with the work of the landscape architects Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux for Central Park in New York City. The concept was given…
Water supply system, infrastructure for the collection, transmission, treatment, storage, and distribution of water for homes, commercial establishments, industry, and irrigation, as well as for such public needs as firefighting and street flushing. Of all municipal services, provision of potable water is perhaps the most vital. People depend on water for drinking, cooking, washing, carrying away wastes, and other domestic needs. Water supply systems…
Lateral measurements to chain lines for locating ground features are known as offsets. For this purpose perpendicular or oblique offsets may be taken . If the object to be located (say road) is curved more number of offsets should be taken. For measuring offsets tapes are commonly used. For setting perpendicular offsets any one of the following…
Chemical element, also called element, any substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by ordinary chemical processes. Elements are the fundamental materials of which all matter is composed. General Observations At present there are 118 known chemical elements. About 20 percent of them do not exist in nature (or are present only in trace amounts)…
Bridge construction has been improved tremendously with the advancement in science and technology. Better and lighter materials are now available that can endure greater loads. The construction is now much faster due to the introduction of a variety of heavy construction equipment. Bridge Construction Planning Bridge construction tends to involve huge projects that encompass the…
The following are the requirements of good building stones: (i) Strength: The stone should be able to resist the load coming on it. Ordinarily this is not of primary concern since all stones are having good strength. However in case of large structure, it may be necessary to check the strength. (ii) Durability: Stones selected…
You can see the results of the work of Elbert Dysart Botts on most modern highways throughout the world. They are the raised reflective pavement markers, or Botts’ dots, that are used as highway markers for warning drivers. Dr. Botts and Botts’ Dots Dr. Elbert Dysart Botts worked with the California Department of Transportation or Caltrans where he oversaw research concerned with road markings…