Civil Engineering

TOTAL STATION

ELECTROMAGNETIC DISTANCE MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

Measurement of Vertical Angle

Use of Theodolite

Parts of a Vernier Theodolite

Modern Tools of Surveying

TYPES OF DIRECT LEVELLING

TEMPORARY ADJUSTMENTS OF A LEVEL

TERMS USED IN DIRECT METHOD OF LEVELLING

METHODS OF LEVELLING

Level and Levelling

ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF PLANE TABLE SURVEY

ERRORS IN PLANE TABLE SURVEYING

METHODS OF PLANE TABLING

PLANE TABLE AND ITS ACCESSORIES

LOCAL ATTRACTION