Introduction Pressure In fluids we use the term pressure to mean: The perpendicular force exerted by a fluid per unit area. This is equivalent to stress in solids, but we shall keep the term pressure. Mathematically, because pressure may vary from place to place, we have: Pressure Reference Levels The above diagram shows: (a) the…
The possibility of formwork reuse is determined by the type of formwork and the nature of construction. Reusing concrete formwork can reduce construction costs significantly if proper planning and handling is applied. Formworks are molds where concrete in its plastic form is poured so that it can be molded into the desired shape, size, position, and more importantly, its…
Objective(s): To describe the tasks and logistics of MSW collection, to analyze collection systems, and to become familiar with the principals and theory behind the use of transfer stations Goals: Understand problems and concerns associated with MSW collection. Compare and contrast privately and publicly operated systems. Understand the types of collection systems To identify the benefits…
Environment, the complex of physical, chemical, and biotic factors that act upon an organism or an ecological community and ultimately determine its form and survival. The Earth’s environment is treated in a number of articles. The major components of the physical environment are discussed in the articles atmosphere, climate, continental landform, hydrosphere, and ocean. The relationship between the principal systems and components of the environment,…
Principle of planning involves planning for meeting the following requirements also: 1. Sanitary convenience 2. Prospects 3. Elegance 4. Flexibility 5. Privacy 6. Resistance to fire 7. Sound insulation 8. Protection from termite 9. Security against burglary 10. Economy 11. Provisions for future alterations. 1. Sanitary Convenience: Sanitary conveniences include provision of bathrooms, lavatories,urinals etc. Provision of these…
Introduction A foundation is a constructed unit that transfers the load from a superstructure to the ground. With regard to vertical loads, most foundations receive a more or less concentrated load from the superstructure and transfer this load to the soil underneath the foundation, distributing the load as a stress over the “footprint” of the…
Ever hit a pothole at 70mph? To paraphrase Ben Franklin, do a little preventive work now and save a lot of curative work later. Applied to roads and highways, this philosophy is increasingly important in light of changes in infrastructure budgets. Expecting the Unexpected Anyone who drives a road vehicle knows how vital a good…
Bike paths are as important as highways and proper design guidelines must be followed while designing them. Bicycle safety tips are an important aspect of design and what types of roads are suitable for bikers will be discussed in this article. Read on to know about best bike path designs. Designing a bike path is…
An architect is a trained professional who deals with planning and designing of of any construction process. Introduction Architecture is a process, profession, or documentation for the purpose of designing and constructing buildings. An architect is a professional who plans, designs and reviews the construction, adaptation, and establishment of buildings and land with reference to functional and…
Compact tractors are widely used in the construction industries and are considered to be extremely useful equipment for these purposes. Numerous tractor implements like backhoe loaders, buckets, draw-bars, and stabilizer bars specifically make the compact tractors helpful. Basics of a Compact Tractor A compact tractor is a motor vehicle specially planned to provide high torque…