Construction, also called building construction, the techniques and industry involved in the assembly and erection of structures, primarily those used to provide shelter. Construction is an ancient human activity. It began with the purely functional need for a controlled environment to moderate the effects of climate. Constructed shelters were one means by which human beings were able to adapt themselves to a wide…
All buildings should be properly planned, keeping in view the various requirements of a good building. Except strength requirement, all other requirements of a good buildings are taken care at the stage of planning. Strength requirement is taken care during structural design of building components. However in planning the building by-laws of the statutory authorities…
Traffic data collection is an essential issue for road-traffic control departments, which need real-time information for traffic-parameter estimation: road-traffic intensity, lane occupancy, congestion level, estimation of journey times, etc., as well as for early incident detection. This information can be used to improve road safety as well as to make an optimal use of the…
· Take reusable bags to the store when shopping · Reduce or eliminate the use of paper plates and cups · Store leftover foods in reusable containers instead of single use plastic bags or Polystyrene foam containers · Reduce or minimize use of plastic bags and Polystyrene foam · Donate unwanted, slightly used clothing, furniture and other household items to…
Paints are used to ensure protection of the buildings from harmful weather effects, including rain, heat, and winds, and also to improve the surface finish. The useful life of structures is influenced by the application of paints that are available in several varieties of colors and textures. Fundamentals Of Paint Paint is in a liquid state and is transformed…
The new complex method of seismic hazard assessment that resulted in creation of the probabilistic maps of seismic microzonation is presented in this chapter. To study seismicity and analyze seismic hazard of the territory the following databases are formed: macroseismic, seismologic databases and the database of possible seismic source zones (or potential seismic sources –…
Greater utilization of underground construction is growing in popularity as a strategy to increase available commercial and infrastructure space. A few noteworthy site preparation activities and guidelines are summarized and described for tunnels, utilities, and related projects. Even Mushrooms Require an Education Underground construction projects present some of the most challenging, difficult, and dangerous working…
Trip generation models provide a measure of the rate at which trips both in and out of the zone in question are made. They predict the total number of trips produced by and attracted to its zone. Centres of residential development, where people live, generally produce trips. The more dense the development and the greater…
Concrete reinforcement technology is not new and fibers have been used for reinforcement since ancient times. Popular fibers are made up of steel and glass, while plastic and nylons have a limited use. Quantities, concentration, and dispersal influence the properties of fiber reinforced concrete What Is Fiber Reinforced Concrete Fiber reinforced concrete is a type of concrete that includes fibrous substances that increase its…
The current energy scenery is dominated by fossil fuels, especially oil. This dependency is turning critical due to the reducing reserves, uncertain oil resources, and political and economical ramifications of a concentration of fossil fuel reserves in a limited number of regions. The transportation sector is especially affected by this situation and needs to develop…