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COST EFFECTIVE CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES
Extensive research and development works have been taken place at various research centres to use…
Cost Effective Construction Techniques In Mass Housing Schemes
MINIMUM STANDARDS It is obvious that cost of construction is directly proportional to the area…
Dampness and Its Prevention
CAUSES OF DAMPNESS Dampness may be caused by: (a) Ground water (b) Rainwater and (c)…
STAIRS
Stairs give access from floor to floor. The space/room housing stairs is called staircase. Stairs…
LINTELS
Lintel is a horizontal flexural member which spans over the openings in the walls for…
Types of Windows
Various windows used may be classified on the basis of materials used, types of shutters,…
Types of Doors
Various types of doors are in use which may be classified on the basis of…
DOORS AND WINDOWS
The function of a door is to give access to building and to different parts…
ROOF
Roof is the uppermost portion of the building which protects the building from rain, wind…
Upper Floors
In olden days upper floors were made of timber floors or steel joist and stone…