The stress-strain relation of any material is obtained by conducting tension test in the laboratories on standard specimen. Different materials behave differently and their behaviour in tension and in compression differ slightly. Behaviour in Tension Mild steel. Figure 8.8 shows a typical tensile test specimen of mild steel. Its ends are gripped into universal testing…
High definition induction logs are more accurate and efficient than the conventional well logging methods. HDIL, as they are popularly known as are an important part of well-logging and ensure precise resistivity data and hydrocarbon traces of a newly dug well. Induction logging of oil and natural gas wells started after the Second World War….
Highway road project management is not an easy task. It is a demanding job that requires good communication skills, knowledge in geometric design, experience, working knowledge of AASHTO guidelines, dealing with local authorities, labor and material management. Highway Road Project Management Highway road project management can be defined as the discipline of planning, organizing, securing, and managing resources to…
As a source of constant solar radiation, the sun can be a warming presence, a source of energy, or an annoying heater depending on the albedo of materials and type of construction used. Solar Radiation Ah, the sun. Much graceful, illuminating prose has been dedicated to its appearance, benefits, and even harmful effects. But since…
Generalized Laws of Viscosity We have derived a law for the behaviour of fluids – that of Newtonian fluids. However, experiments show that there are non-Newtonian fluids that follow a generalized law of viscosity: Where A, B and n are constants found experimentally. When plotted these fluids show much different behaviour to a Newtonian fluid:…
The economic context of building construction Buildings, like all economic products, command a range of unit prices based on their cost of production and their value to the consumer. In aggregate, the total annual value of building construction in the various national economies is substantial. In 1987 in the United States, for example, it was about 10 percent…
Pressure Head Manometers A manometer (or liquid gauge) is a pressure measurement device which uses the relationship between pressure and head to give readings. In the following, we wish to measure the pressure of a fluid in a pipe. Piezometer This is the simplest gauge. A small vertical tube is connected to the pipe and…
Gone are the horse and buggy days. Nevertheless, the sad part is that we still do not notice the endless number of traffic signals. Who are the inventors of these signal lights? What makes a traffic light work? These interesting facts make up this article! Introduction Urbanization has brought rapid development in industries due to…
Roads and highways, traveled way on which people, animals, or wheeled vehicles move. In modern usage the term road describes a rural, lesser traveled way, while the word street denotes an urban roadway. Highway refers to a major rural traveled way; more recently it has been used for a road, in either a rural or urban area, where points of entrance and…
It is combination of EDM instrument and electronic theodolite. It is also integrated with microprocessor, electronic data collector and storage system. The instrument can be used to measure horizontal and vertical angles as well as sloping distance of object to the instrument. Microprocessor unit processes the data collected to compute: 1. Average of multiple angles…