Various techniques are available for creating flooring using wood and wood-like materials. This article will help you to understand the difference in wood flooring vs engineered wood vs wood. The wood and wood like floorings (or wood based flooring) are used in many buildings instead of the marble or carpet floorings. In order to explain what…
The Romans had realized that a coordinated system of roadways connecting the major areas of their empire would be of prime significance for both commercial and military purposes. In the modern era, the nations of Europe first introduced the concept of highway systems. In France, for example, the State Department of Roads and Bridges was organized…
As reported by the Austin American Statesman, during the hot drought period in 2011 in Austin, the Austin Water Utility via spokesman Jason Hill reported 55 calls a week average concerning broken (leaking) water lines. The typical average during summer seasons is 35 to 40. “A good portion of the ones we are seeing are…
When urban street paving became widespread in the latter half of the 19th century, the common paving materials were hoof-sized stone blocks, similarly sized wooden blocks, bricks, McAdam’s broken stone, and occasionally asphalt and concrete. McAdam’s broken stone provided the cheapest pavement, but its unbound surface was difficult to maintain and was usually either slimy or dusty…
Ramps are of great importance in any high-rise building. Ramps provide safe access to the building for heavy materials such as heavy machineries. In many countries the construction of a ramp in a building is made compulsory by law abiding bodies to provide safe and convenient access to people with disabilities as by the help…
A degree in structural engineering can be the start of a rewarding civil engineering career for dedicated engineering students. Many areas of specialization are available and qualified graduates may pursue exciting careers with existing structural engineering firms or as independent consultants. Undergraduate Degree Programs Much of the undergraduate coursework required to obtain a degree in…
Background and Definition Background · There are three states of matter: solids, liquids and gases. · Both liquids and gases are classified as fluids. · Fluids do not resist a change in shape. Therefore fluids assume the shape of the container they occupy. · Liquids may be considered to have a fixed volume and therefore can have a free…
MINIMUM STANDARDS It is obvious that cost of construction is directly proportional to the area covered. In low cost housing economy in the construction is a vital factor, but one should not lose sight of the fact that any economies effected are not worth, if the minimum requirements of basic physical comfort in the dwellings…
It’s a fact that PR plays a vital role in efficient management of NGOs. Many NGOs are coming up with their own PR strategies, even appointing high-profile celebs – to attract social attention and funds. The importance of Public Relations in NGO management is now accepted worldwide. Foundations and charities are using sophisticated PR campaigns…
Fast growing trees close to buildings can cause unequal settlement when active tree roots dry out the soil causing differential soil shrinkage. Shrinking clays affect the bearing capacity and lead to movement in the building, especially in shallow foundations. Tree roots can extend over a considerable distance and can extract moisture from as deep as 6…