A small diameter footing, of about 1 metre width, can normally be assumed to distribute the contact stress evenly over the footing contact area. However, this cannot be assumed to be the case for wider footings. Both the Boussinesq and the Westergaard distributions assume ideally flexible footings (and ideally elastic soil), which is not the…
Stress Distribution In Soil Displacements in soil occur from stresses applied by loading forces. The distribution of stress in soil should be known for realistic estimates of displacements caused by applied loads on the supporting soil. The following methods may be used to estimate the stress distribution of soil for an applied load Q at the center…
· Take reusable bags to the store when shopping · Reduce or eliminate the use of paper plates and cups · Store leftover foods in reusable containers instead of single use plastic bags or Polystyrene foam containers · Reduce or minimize use of plastic bags and Polystyrene foam · Donate unwanted, slightly used clothing, furniture and other household items to…
This chapter is devoted to the analysis of statically determinate multispan beams and trusses, subjected to moving loads. Methods for the generation of beam and trusses, and the construction of influence lines are discussed. Different types of trusses are considered; among them are trusses with subdivided panels and some special types of trusses. Multispan Statically…
Introduction The functional effectiveness of a highway is measured in terms of its ability to assist and accommodate the flow of vehicles with both safety and efficiency. In order to measure its level of effectiveness, certain parameters associated with the highway must be measured and analysed. These properties include: · The quantity of traffic · The type…
Composite masonry is the one that is constructed out of two or more types of building units or of different types of building materials. Composite Masonry: When walls are constructed with two or more types of building materials it is term as composite masonry. It makes the used of locally available materials to obtain optimum economy. The composite masonry…
Recycled concrete can be used for structural fills if it is properly pulverized to a uniform size to aid compaction. This is a great eco-friendly practice that also saves money! Learn all about recycled concrete for fill. What Is Recycled Concrete? Recycled concrete is obtained from hardened concrete that has reached the end of its…
Applying mortar coats on the surfaces of walls, columns, ceiling etc. to get smooth finish is termed as plastering. Mortar used for plastering may be lime mortar, cement mortar or lime-cement mortar. Lime mortar used shall have fat lime to sand ratio of 1 : 3 or 1 : 4. If hydraulic lime is used mix proportion…
Gerber–Semikolenov beams may be schematically presented in the form, which shows the interaction of separate parts and transmission of forces from one part of the beam to another. Gerber–Semikolenov beams consist of two types of beams, namely a main (or primary) and suspended (or secondary) beam. A main beam is designed to carry a load,…
Ever hit a pothole at 70mph? To paraphrase Ben Franklin, do a little preventive work now and save a lot of curative work later. Applied to roads and highways, this philosophy is increasingly important in light of changes in infrastructure budgets. Expecting the Unexpected Anyone who drives a road vehicle knows how vital a good…