The Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) in effect in the EU is the largest multi-national emissions trading scheme worldwide. Under its jurisdiction are over 10,000 plants that account for almost 50% of the CO2 emissions in the EU and three members of the European Economic Area. EU ETS Explained The EU ETS is a “cap and…
Base isolation is a very vital fortification which becomes operational subsequent to a major earthquake. Base isolation has significant benefits to protect historic structures from earthquake. Principles In contemporary, base isolation is applied to diverse structural design technique for buildings and bridges situated in severe seismic areas. Many structures are being built making use of…
Base Isolation also protects non-structural elements and instruments by lessening the entire structure’s speed during an earthquake, as opposed to toning alone. There are a diversity of isolation methods and devices available. Types of base isolation systems There are two basic types of isolation systems; one that uses elastomeric bearings and the other uses sliding…
How many times have you said, “I love that city. It is so clean and well organized.” How many times have you been impressed by how cities like London and Venice are able to handle their municipal services so effectively? You can thank the municipal engineers who play the major role behind this. Basics of Municipal Engineering…
Geotechnical software GEO5 Package of programs designed to solve various geotechnical problems. The easy-to-use suite consists of individual programs with a unified user-friendly interface. Each program is used to analyse a different geotechnical task but all modules communicate with each other to form an integrated suite. The programs are based on traditional analytical methods and…
Whenever their is a movement, friction comes into action. The same is the case with earth moving equipments. We term this as rolling resistance and this has to be overcomed by vehicle engine so that it can move on that surface. This is the formula to calculate rolling resistance R=RfW + RpPW where R = rolling resistance, lb (N) p = tire penetration,…
Cracking rates were obtained by compiling the crack lengths using mapping measure from test sections. The results shown in figure 5 are expressed in m/m2. The cracking rates are presented per 150-m section and represent the mean rate of the three lanes and the left shoulder for Highway and of the three lanes for Highway….
Cement is a commonly used binding material in the construction. The cement is obtained by burning a mixture of calcareous (calcium) and argillaceous (clay) material at a very high temperature and then grinding the clinker so produced to a fine powder. It was first produced by a mason Joseph Aspdin in England in 1924. He patented it…
The history of civil engineering can be traced back to 4000 BC when the sole means of construction was human labor, lacking any sophisticated equipment. With advancement in all spheres of technology, civil engineering has also developed tremendously. Manual Labor: the First Engineering Tool Civil engineering involves the design, construction, and maintenance of works such as roads,…
This section deals with the civil engineering fields. As a Civil Engineer a vast world of imagination and dreams are opened to us. The Field of civil engineering is so vast that one can’t limit itself to any particular field and excel without having a proper knowledge of other related fields. To conclude we can…