Land on earth is as finite as any of our other natural resources. Scientists today believe that at least 10 percent of land and water bodies of each ecosystem must be kept as wilderness for the long term needs of protecting nature and natural resources. Soil types are red soil, black cotton soil, laterite soil,…
Vault, in building construction, a structural member consisting of an arrangement of arches, usually forming a ceiling or roof. The basic barrel form, which appeared first in ancient Egypt and the Middle East, is in effect a continuous series of arches deep enough to cover a three-dimensional space. It exerts the same kind of thrust as the circular arch and must be buttressed along its entire…
The structural health of bridges need constant monitoring to prevent collapses that can be sudden and disastrous. Distances and the number of such bridges require a lot of time, money, and labor for any such monitoring to be feasible. Wireless bridge monitoring solves these problems fairly easily. Bridges form an essential part of any road or rail…
What is Bed? In stone masonry, the bed is the lower surface of stones on which they rest in a course. What is Back? The inner surface of a stone wall that is not exposed to the weather is referred to as the back. What is Backing? The material used in back of the wall…
The European Directive 2010/31/EU states that the measures to improve the energy performance of new and existing buildings should take into account climatic and local conditions as well as indoor climate environment giving the priority to the summer period. The Directive introduces the concept of thermal capacity that is very important in temperate climates during…
Failures in rigid pavements are caused by distresses due to various causes. Repair techniques these types of failures in rigid pavements are discussed. Types of Failures in Rigid Pavements The different types of distresses responsible for failures in rigid pavements are: Joint Spalling Faulting Polished Aggregate Shrinkage Cracking Pumping Punch out Linear Cracking Durability Cracking…
Water supply system, infrastructure for the collection, transmission, treatment, storage, and distribution of water for homes, commercial establishments, industry, and irrigation, as well as for such public needs as firefighting and street flushing. Of all municipal services, provision of potable water is perhaps the most vital. People depend on water for drinking, cooking, washing, carrying away wastes, and other domestic needs. Water supply systems…
Understanding the soil formation process is the first step toward understanding the vastness and complexity of soil mechanics. The formation of soil is a process known as pedogenesis. The process is important not only for engineers to understand, but also for biologists, environmentalists, and geologists as well. The evolution of soil is an interesting, yet complex…
Learn about the construction and working of a jib crane. What makes a jib crane an integral part of the construction process? Learn about the various types of Jib cranes in the article inside. What is a Jib Crane? Cranes are an important part of any type of civil engineering work. Different types of cranes…
There are 5 main concepts that our students struggle with when learning about population growth and the relationship of population to geological resource use: 1. overpopulation is a leading environmental problem, 2. exponential population growth and development leads to faster depletion of resources, 3. population grows exponentially, 4. why population prediction is difficult, 5. population is not evenly distributed throughout…