In 1960 System International (SI units) unit was approved by the conference of weights and measures. It is an international organisation of which most of the Countries are the members. In this system also unit of linear measurement is metre. However, in this system use of centimetres and decametres are discouraged. Of course major difference between…
Materials that are bound together with bitumen are called bituminous materials. The use of bituminous materials were initially limited to road construction. Now the applications have spread over the area of roof construction, for industrial purposes, carpet tiles, paints and as a special coating for waterproofing. History of Bituminous Materials Before the era of bitumen, tar…
Compounds of cement cement compounds About 90-95% of a Portland cement is comprised of the four main cement minerals, which are C3S, C2S, C3A, and C4AF, with the remainder consisting of calcium sulphate, alkali sulphates, unreacted (free) CaO, MgO, and other minor constituents left over from the clinkering and grinding steps. The four cement minerals play very different roles in…
The formwork sector is being influenced by the requirements of improved workplace safety and crane-independent systems that are fast and reliable. Working at heights has become less hazardous. Due to these reasons, concrete formwork is becoming popular. What are Formwork Systems? A formwork system signifies the molds used to store and hold wet concrete until curing is…
Representing 150 years of American History, Mount Rushmore National Memorial is a monumental sculpture located within the United States. Mount Rushmore is famous for its unique architecture and artistry. Find out how this huge structure was constructed. Mount Rushmore, a world-famous sculpture carved on the Black Hills of the Western Region of South Dakota, is…
Roof finishing accessories include all types of accessory materials that are used to finish a roof. Flashing, drip edge, and roof drains are all examples of roofing accessories. Roof finishing accessories are widely available for a range of applications and may be chosen for functional, aesthetic, or budgetary reasons. Roofing accessories are largely made from…
The Janbu tangent modulus method is not different to—does not contrast or conflict with—the ‘conventional’ methods. The Janbu method for calculation of settlements and the conventional elastic modulus approach give identical results, as do the Janbu method and the conventional Cce0-method (Eqs. 3.4 and 3.5, and Eqs. 3.13, 3.14, and 3.15). There are simple direct…
What is Waste Segregation? Segregation of our waste is essential as the amount of waste being generated today caused immense problem. There are certain items are not Bio Degradable but can be reused or recycled in fact it is believed that a larger portion of the waste can be recycled, a part of can be…
Introduction 🌍 Roads are essential for transportation, commerce, and daily life. However, their durability depends significantly on the materials used in their construction. Choosing the right pavement materials ensures roads can withstand heavy traffic, harsh weather, and time while remaining safe and cost-effective. This article explores the importance of pavement materials in road durability, highlighting…
Site Exploration Program The knowledge about the site forms a vital role in the safe and economic development of a site. A thorough investigation of the site is an essential preliminary to the construction of any civil engineering works. Public building officials may require soil data together with the recommendations of the geotechnical consultant prior…