Timber is used for the following works: 1. For heavy construction works like columns, trusses, piles. 2. For light construction works like doors, windows, flooring and roofing. 3. For other permanent works like for railway sleepers, fencing poles, electric poles and gates. 4. For temporary works in construction like scaffolding, centering, shoring and strutting, packing of materials. 5. For decorative works like showcases and furnitures….
Concrete can be imported by variety of methods and equipment’s methods adopted for transportation of concrete · Mortar pan · Wheel barrow · Crane, bucket and rope way · Truck mixers and dumpers · Belt conveyors · Chute · Skip and hoist · Transit mixer · Pump and pipe line · Helicopter Mortar pan This case concrete is carried out in small quantities. This method…
Structures become dilapidated due to old age just like an ordinary human being. The reasons have to be studied properly and solutions arrived at, and only a qualified and experienced engineer can plan the work. Rehabilitation of Older Existing Structures The human body becomes deteriorated upon ageing. To a certain extent, the problem can be…
National Highways has tabled three design options to improve the M1/M62 Lofthouse junction near Leeds. The three options have been put out to public consultation, with the public urged to provided feedback on the proposals. Approximately 75,000 vehicles move through the junction every day, leading to significant queues at peak times and disrupting the journeys of thousands…
Many methods have been proposed for mitigating the harmful effects of strong earthquakes. The conventional approach requires that structure passively resist through a combination of strength, deformability and energy absorption. The level of damping in these structures is typically low. During earthquakes, these structures deform well beyond the elastic limit and remain intact due to…
Paving for walkways and driveways is easily laid down by using decomposed granite that is available from material suppliers either in loose or mixed form. The additives for the mixture would decide the cost of the material. Decomposed Granite Is a Versatile Material Decomposed granite is granite that has broken down over long periods of…
Concrete, in construction, structural material consisting of a hard, chemically inert particulate substance, known as aggregate (usually sand and gravel), that is bonded together by cement and water. concrete Among the ancient Assyrians and Babylonians, the bonding substance most often used was clay. The Egyptians developed a substance more closely resembling modern concrete by using lime and gypsum as binders. Lime (calcium oxide), derived from limestone, chalk, or (where…
Besides the difference in grain size, the chemical composition of soil can also be helpful in distinguishing between various types of soils. Sand and gravel usually consist of the same minerals as the original rock from which they were created by the erosion process. This can be quartz, feldspar or glimmer. In Western Europe sand…
A waste collection vehicle is more generally known as garbage truck and dustbin lorry. These trucks are used for picking up waste and then moving it to landfills or other places where waste materials are managed and treated. You can have their view mostly in Urban areas. Most of the time Garbage cart is mistaken…
Earthquake engineering is a sub-discipline of civil engineering that influences the life and property of all human beings. It is this science that has provided an in-depth knowledge of earthquakes, useful guidelines to minimize the damage due to earthquakes. Aims of Earthquake Engineering Earthquake engineering is the science of the performance of buildings and structures…