Conceptual architecture explores different senses and material to bring new ideas to a building, constructing something entirely new apart from traditional construction and design. The Greek Example When the great master-builders, craftsmen, sculptors, and workers built their own civic structures, such as the Parthenon, which is undoubtedly the greatest expression of classical architecture, they wanted…
INTRODUCTION The scope of automation in construction is broad, encompassing all the stages of construction life from initial planning and design, through construction of the facility, its operation and maintenance, to the eventual dismantling and recycling of buildings and engineering structures. The recent developments in the fields of computer science and robotics have helped to…
The history and design aspects of the Eiffel Tower are interesting for engineers even today. Wrought iron was used for the construction of Eiffel Tower with the employment of scaffolds. Mathematical formulas were deliberated for numerous calculations for wind forces and load conditions. History Of Eiffel Tower The Eiffel Tower was constructed in Paris for the World…
A number of civil engineers starts their career as construction supervisor. This is one of the toughest and most important jobs for the civil engineers on their path of achieving higher goals. Careers in Civil Engineering: Construction Supervisor One of the most common jobs of the civil engineers is the construction supervisor. This is also…
Construction Ambassadors, as the name suggests, are individuals with a passion for the field of construction. They can have many varied responsibilities, which can make it difficult to define exactly what they really do and to describe their job role precisely. Supporting and sharing the news about new construction is important in ensuring that the…
Scaffolds and ladders 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS 1. Where work cannot safely be done on or from the ground or from part of a building or other permanent structure, a safe and suitable scaffold should be provided and maintained or other equally safe and suitable provision should be made. 2. Scaffolds should be provided with safe means of access,…
The Mayan civilization gave many valuable things to the world, including its marvelous architecture which is still a source of inspiration to many designers and engineers worldwide. Maya, a great civilization of the past, is remembered for its rich values and high thinking – a trait which is easily reflected in its language, fine art, food patterns,…
Bricks made from soft plastic waste that can each withstand six tonnes of pressure and relentless rain could replace the clay bricks currently used to build rural homes in monsoon-prone countries such as India. Clay is susceptible to rain, and many homes in India can be badly damaged during the monsoon season, as clay bricks are washed away….
National Highways has tabled three design options to improve the M1/M62 Lofthouse junction near Leeds. The three options have been put out to public consultation, with the public urged to provided feedback on the proposals. Approximately 75,000 vehicles move through the junction every day, leading to significant queues at peak times and disrupting the journeys of thousands…
Reinforced concrete is widely used for construction on a large scale due to its desirable mechanical properties. Types of steel and non-steel concrete reinforcement are described. Corrosion has an adverse effect on the embedded steel if structures are not properly designed and constructed. What is Reinforced Concrete? Reinforced concrete, or RCC, is concrete that contains…
The standard and planned practices followed in the construction industry that will guarantee optimal outcome and profit are regarded as best practices in construction. These practices can be a policy, procedure or a complete system implemented at a given period of time. The practices best for one project won’t be very much helpful for a…
Sand is a natural product which is obtained as river sand, nalla sand and pit sand. However sea sand should not be used for the following reasons: 1. It contains salt and hence structure will remain damp. The mortar is affected by efflorescence and blisters appear. 2. It contains shells and other organic matter, which decompose after…
The word Kanban may not be part of your daily vocabulary when it comes to scheduling. But after learning about the advantages of the Kanban system and its role in just in time (JIT) manufacturing, Kanban may become a household word for you. The Visual Signals of the Kanban System The Kanban System is an…
ELEMENTS OF A BUILDING The following are the basic elements of a building: 1. Foundation 2. Plinth 3. Walls and columns 4. Sills, lintels and chejjas 5. Doors and windows 6. Floors 7. Roofs 8. Steps, stairs and lifts 9. Finishing work 10. Building services. The functions of these elements and the main requirement of them…
Introduction The previous model determined the number of trips produced by and attracted to each zone within the study area under scrutiny. For the trips produced by the zone in question, the trip distribution model determines the individual zones where each of these will end. For the trips ending within the zone under examination, the…
INTRODUCTION The word biodiversity refers to the variety of living organisms (flora and fauna). Biodiversity or Biological diversity is defined as the variability among all living organisms from all sources, including terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and ecological complexes of which they are part. Wilson (1988) defined ‘Biological diversity’ or ‘biodiversity’ as that part…
Civil engineering is the oldest and one of the most versatile branches of engineering. Every structure that we see around today is a creation of civil engineering. Civil engineering is the oldest and broadest engineering discipline among all the engineering fields. The field deals with the planning, designing, and construction of buildings and various other…
Inverted arch foundations are provided in the places where the SBC of the soil is very poor and the load of the structure is through walls. In such cases inverted arches are constructed between the walls. End walls should be sufficiently thick and strong to withstand the outward horizontal thrust due to arch action. The…
There are several kinds of door styles and materials that are being used for modern houses. The door selection is influenced by the type and style of building where they will be fitted. The major door materials are wood, fiberglass, and steel. However, the external door has a special significance. Door Basics The original doors…
Before learning about the difference between geological energy and biological energy, and how energy flows in each, let’s take a detailed look at both the energy forms and understand how they exist in nature. Geological Energy Geological energy can be seen in nature in several forms, with one of its common manifestations being earthquakes, which…